septm̥ (*sek̂ʷh-)

    septm̥ (*sek̂ʷh-)

    English meaning: seven

    Deutsche Übersetzung: ‘sieben”

    Note: Root septm̥ (*sek̂ʷh-) : seven derived from a mutated Root su̯ek̂s, sek̂s, ksek̂s, ksu̯ek̂s, u̯ek̂s (: uk̂s) : six; common Gk.-celt. kʷ > p, gʷ > b phonetic mutatIon.

    Material: O.Ind. saptá, Av. hapta, Arm. evt”n, Gk. ἑπτά, Lat. septem, O.Ir. secht n-, Welsh etc. saith, Goth. O.H.G. sibun, O.E. seofon, O.N. siau (-n preserved after one besides *siƀun stehenden sibuni; t-loss in ordinals sep[t]m̥-tos dissimilatory erfolgt; whether septun the Lex. sal. still gesprochenes seftun or Latinisierung eines echten *sifun is, steht dahin), Lith. septynì, O.C.S. sedmь (after dem ordinals), Alb. shtatë (*s[e]ptm-ti-; abstract number formation as O.Ind. saptatí-, Av. haptüiti- 70, O.Ice. siaund “number from 7”); Toch. A ṣpät, В ṣuk(t); Hitt. šipta.

    Note: Gk. ἑβδομαδικός “belonging to the week” : Alb. javë “week” common Alb. -b- > -v- phonetic mutatIon. Alb. shtata ‘seven” from (*s[e]ptm-ti-) is not possible. Anatolian languages show a pattern similar to Alb. So Lycian aitãta (*ok̂tō(u)ta) “eight” : Alb. teta “eight”; Lycian ñuñtãta “nine” : Alb. nanda “nine”. Therefore Alb. shtata ‘seven” derived from a truncated *sa(p)tata ‘seven” later O.Ind. saptáthaḥ, Av. haptaϑa-, O.S. sivotho, O.E. seofoða, Lith. septiñtas; also O.Ind. saptatí-, Av. haptüiti- 70; in Alb. -ta, -të are attribute endings that were solidified in Anatolian and Indic cognates. The attribute suffix -ta is used in the Alb. genitive and adjectives. ordinals: sept(e)mos in O.Ind. saptamá-, Pers. haftum, Gk. ἕβδομος, dial. ἕβδεμος (die Erweichung derives from a form ἕβδμος, compare O.C.S. sedmь), Lat. septimus, Gaul. sextametos, O.Ir. sechtm-ad, Welsh seithfed (*septem-etos), O.Lith. sẽkmas, O.Pruss. sep(t)mas, O.C.S. sedmъ; *septm̥-to-s in O.Ind. saptáthaḥ, Av. haptaϑa-, O.S. sivotho, O.E. seofoða (also akzentuell = saptátaḥ; besides O.H.G. sibunto, O.S. sivondo, O.N. siunde, siaunde), Lith. septiñtO.S. It seems that number seven spread from PIE to Semitic numeric system: Semitic East: Akkadian+ sebe, Central: Arabic sab”ah, Saudi sab”a, Yemeni sab”ah, Syrian sab”a, Lebanese sab”a, Cypriot sába”, Iraqi sab”a, Egyptian sab”a, E Libyan ‘sab”a, N African (Darja) seb”a, Moroccan seb”a, Sudanese sa|b”a, Nigerian saba, Zanzibari säba”a, Maltese sebgh=a, Phoenecian+ sh-b-”, Ugaritic+ s-b-”-t, Moabite+ sh-b-”-t, Classical Hebrew+ sheba”, Modern Hebrew sheva”, Classical Aramaic+ shi:Be”a:h, Modern Aramaic shub”a:, Classical Syriac+ shab”a:, Syriac shaw”a, Van shåvå, South: Old S. Arabian+ s-b-”, South Arabian (Harsusi) ho:ba, (Sheri) sho:”, Socotra “yhobe?, N Ethiopic : Geez+ seb”atu, Tigre sabu”, Beni Amir saba”, Tigrinya shob”atte, S Ethiopic : Amharic säbat, Argobba sa”int, Harari sa:tti, E Gurage sabt, Gafat+ säbattä, Soddo säbatt, Goggot säbätt, Muher säbät, Masqan säbät, CW Gurage säbat, Ennemor säB?at. Indo-European Germanic: Old Germanic+ *sibum, Western : Old English+ seofon, Middle English+ seven, English seven, Scots seiven, Old Frisian+ sigun, W.Frisian sân, Frisian (Saterland) sogen, Dutch zeven, W/S Flemish ze:vne, Brabants ze:ve, Low Saxon söven, Emsland ze:bm, Mennonite Plautdietsch säwen, Afrikaans sewe, German sieben, Central Bavarian simme, Swabian siibe, Alsatian seve, Cimbrian siban, Rimella shìbne, Rheinfränkisch siwe, Pennsylvania siwwe, Luxembourgeois siwen, Swiss German siebë, Yiddish zibn, Middle High German+ siben, Old High German+ sibun, Northern : Runic+ siu:, Old Norse+ sjau, Norwegian sju, Danish syv, Swedish sju, Faroese sjey, Old Icelandic+ siau, Icelandic sjö, Eastern : Gothic+ sibun, Crimean+ sevene, Italic: Oscan+ *seften, Umbrian+ , Faliscan+ *zepten, Latin+ septem, Romance : Mozarabic+ xebte, Portuguese sete, Galician sete, Spanish siete, Ladino sieti, Asturian siete, Aragonese siet, Catalan set, Valencian set, Old French+ set, French sept, Walloon set, Jèrriais sept, Poitevin sét, Old Picard+ siet, Picard siet, Occitan (Provençal) sèt, Lengadocian sèt, Gascon sèt, Auvergnat sé, Limosin se, Franco-Provençal (Vaudois) sat, Rumantsch Grischun set, Sursilvan siat, Vallader set, Friulian syet, Ladin set, Dalmatian+ sapto, Italian sette, Piedmontese sèt, Milanese sètt, Genovese sette, Venetian sete, Parmesan set, Corsican sette, Umbrian sétte, Neapolitan sèttë, Sicilian setti, Romanian s,apte, Arumanian s,apte, Meglenite s,apti, Istriot s,åpte, Sardinian sette, Celtic: Proto-Celtic+ septn, Gaulish+ sextan, Brythonic (P-Celtic) : Welsh saith, Cardiganshire soch, Breton seizh, Vannetais seih, Unified Cornish+ seyth, Common seyth, Modern sith, Devonian+ seith, Goidelic (Q-Celtic) : Old Irish+ secht, Irish seacht, Scots Gaelic seachd, Manx shiaght, Hellenic: Classical Greek+ heptá, Greek eftá, Cypriot eftá, Tsakonian eftá, Tocharian: Tocharian A+ late, Tocharian B+ sukt, Albanian: Albanian shtatë, Gheg (Qosaj) shtat, Tosk (Mandritsa) shtátë, Armenian: +Classical Armenian evthn, Armenian yoth, Baltic West : O.Pruss.+ *septi:njai, East : Lithuanian septynì, Latvian septini, Latgalian septeni, Slavic East : Russian semh, sem”, Belarussian sem, sem, Ukrainian s-- m., sim, West : Polish siedem, Kashubian sétmë, Polabian+ sidêm, Czech sedm, Slovak sedem, West sedem, East shedzem, Upper Sorbian sydom, Lower Sorbian sedym, South: Old Church Slavonic+ sedmi, Bulgarian sédem, Macedonian sedum, Serbo-Croat sëdam, Slovene sedem, Anatolian: Hittite+ shipta-, Indo-Iranian: Proto-Indo-Iranian+ *sapta, Iranian Eastern: Ossetian Iron avd, Digor avd, Avestan+ hapta, Khwarezmian+ “bhd, Sogdian+ “Bt Yaghnobi avd, Bactrian+ Saka+ hauda, Pashto owé, Wakhi yb, Munji avde, Yidgha avdo, Ishkashmi uvd, Sanglechi haft, Shughn wu:vd, Rushani wu:vd, Yazgulami uvd, Sarikoli (Tashkorghani) ũvd, Parachi ho:t, Ormuri ho:, Western NorthWest : Parthian+ hft, Yazdi haf, Nayini Natanzi haft, Khunsari häft, Gazi häf, Sivandi häf, Vafsi haf, Semnani haf, Sangisari haft, Gilaki haf, Mazanderani haft, Talysh håft, Harzani Zaza hewt, Gorani hawt, Baluchi hept, Turkmenistan apt, E Hill hapt, Rakhshani (Western) (h)ept, Kermanji (S) Kurdish hawt, Zaza (N) Kurdish haft, Bajalani ha:ft, Kermanshahi häft, SouthWest : Old Persian+ Pahlavi+ haft, Farsi haft, Isfahani haf, Tajik h=aft, Tati hæft, Chali haft, Fars häft, Lari “aft, Luri haf, Kumzari haf”ta, Nuristani : Ashkun su:t, Wasi-weri sëtë, Kati sut, Kalasha-ala so:t, Indic : Sanskrit+ saptá, Prakrit+ satta, Ardhamagadhi+ satta, Pali+ satta, Romany (Gypsy) : Spanish estér, Welsh trin t”a: shto:r, Kalderash yeftá, Syrian h.o:t, Armenian haft, Iranian efdá:, Sinhalese-Maldivian: Sinhalese hata, Vedda pahamay dekamay, Maldivian hate, Northern India: Dardic: Kashmiri sat, Shina sât, Brokskat sa:t, Phalura sa:t, Bashkarik sat, Tirahi sat, Torwali sat, Wotapuri sat, Maiya sa:t, Kalasha sat, Khowar sot, Dameli sat, Gawar-bati set, Pashai sa:ta, Shumashti sa, Nangalami sat, Dumaki sot, Western: Marathi sat, Konkani sat, Sindhi sata, Khatri sat, Lahnda satt, Central: Hindi/ Urdu sa:t, Parya sat, Punjabi set, Siraiki sat, Gujarati sat, Rajasthani (Marwari) sa:t, Banjari (Lamani) saat, Malvi sa:t, Bhili xa:t, Dogri sat, Kumauni sa:t, Garhwali sa:t, W Pahari sa:t, Khandeshi sa:t, East Central: Nepali sa:t, Maithili sa:t, Magahi sat, Bhojpuri sa:t, Awadhi (Kosali) sa:t, Chattisgarhi sa:t, Eastern: Oriya saat, Bengali sat, Assamese xat, Mayang ha:d. Dravidian NorthWest : Brahui haft, Northeast : Kurukh satte:, Malto sa:te, Central : Kolami sa.t, Telugu eedu, Gondi e:ru:ng, Koya e:du, Konda e:ru, Pengo sat, Kui odgi, Kuvi sa:ta, South : Tulu e:l, Koraga eli, Kannada eeLu, Badaga iyyu, Kodagu ye:lũ, Kurumba -ö.lu, Toda öw, Kota ye:ye, Tamil aezhu, Malayalam e:lu, Irula elu Nahali Nahali sato Basque Basque zazpi Etruscan Etruscan+ semph Hurrian Hurrian+ shindia

    References: WP. II 487.